Christian Reflection and Prayer

The Advent wreath. This simple
arrangement consists of four
candles set equidistant in a circle
of evergreens, with a larger fifth
candle placed in the middle. On
the first Sunday of Advent, one
candle is lit, on the second Sunday,
two candles, and so on. Finally,
on Christmas Eve, we light the
Christ candle in the middle.
Usually, three of the outer candles
are purple, the liturgical color of
Advent that signifies both penitence
and royalty, but the candle for the
third Sunday is rose-colored, denoting
the theme of joy. The Christ candle is
white. The circle suggests eternity, the
greens symbolize life, and the cross
of lighted candles points to Christ.

In ancient northern cultures, the
lighting of bonfires and yule logs
was meant to ward off the midwinter
darkness and its sinister denizens.
So it is easy to see how Christians
combined the greenery of life and
the candles of light into the Advent
wreath. By lighting a new candle
each week, by accumulating the
brightness, we signify our hope in
the coming light of Christ, even as
daylight diminishes and darkness
rises with the approach of winter
solstice. Lighting the Advent wreath
in our homes and churches enacts
our faith in John's testimony: "The
light shines in the darkness, and
the darkness did not overcome it"
(Jn 1:5).

The minor feast day of St. Lucy, or
Lucia, on December 13 provides
another opportunity to celebrate the
coming light of Christ during Advent.
Lucia, whose name derives from lux
(Latin for "light"), was martyred in
Italy in 304. Devoted to Christ, she
gave all of her dowry to the poor,
infuriating the man she was to marry
by arrangement. He denounced her
to the governor, who had her killed
by the sword after attempts to burn
her failed. Lucy is especially honored
in Scandinavia as the Queen of Light.
The custom is for a daughter in the
home to wear a crown of candles
and go from room to room  awakening
the family from their deep midwinter
sleep and bringing them Lucia buns
baked with saffron.

Bobby Gross is director of graduate and
faculty ministries for InterVarsity Christian
Fellowship. Bobby also serves on the national
board of Christians in the Visual Arts (CIVA)
and lives in Atlanta, GA.

by Bobby Gross

In the early centuries, the
churches in the East celebrated
both the birth and the baptism
of Jesus on January 6. Not surprisingly,
the day became a major occasion
for performing baptisms, which led
to a preparatory period of fasting
and catechesis (instruction). During
the fourth century, the Eastern churches
followed the West's lead and adopted
December 25 for the Feast of the Nativity.
Even though this was no longer a day
for baptisms, Eastern churches retained
their tradition of penitential preparation.
This practice spread to the northern and
western regions of the church where
it fit well with the greater emphasis
there on the final coming and judgment
of Christ, which called for self-examination
and spiritual readiness. Today, Orthodox
Christians still observe a nativity fast
from meat November 15 through
December 24.

In the church centered in Rome, it
was a different story. There, Advent
entailed a festive preparation for the
birth of Christ from the start. In the
sixth century Pope Gregory the Great
established the forerunner of our
Advent by creating special masses for the
four Sundays preceding Christmas Day.
After seesawing over the ensuing centuries,
these two traditions, the "warm Latin joy"
and the "ascetic northern preparation"
eventually merged into the synthesis that
characterizes Advent today. While fasting
has largely fallen away in the West, we
still feel a subtle and fruitful tension. As
Christopher Hill puts it, "The pull between
the affectionate backward look and the
anxious forward look - both situated in the
world of human time" opens up the present
moment for Christ to come in our hearts.



Obviously, Advent and Christmas are closely
linked, and many cultural customs apply to
both seasons. For example, the Feast of St.
Nicholas, from which we get our idea of
Santa Claus, falls on December 6 in Advent.
Three Advent traditions - the Christmas tree,
the Advent wreath and the "O" Antiphons -
open for us respectively the themes of death
and life, darkness and light, doubt and longing.

Bobby Gross is director of graduate and
faculty ministries for InterVarsity Christian
Fellowship. Bobby also serves on the national
board of Christians in the Visual Arts (CIVA)
and lives in Atlanta, GA.

PREPARE THE WAY OF THE LORD
JESUS CHRIST IS COMING !

In a world where nature and our environment
are threatened, let us make our Christmas
tree and manger scene reminders of the
beauty and sacredness of nature. How
closely at his coming did Jesus bind himself
to the animals of the field, as well as to the
earth and the open sky!

Scripture:

Zephaniah 3:14-20

Isaiah 12:2-6

Philippians 4:4-7

Luke 3:7-18

Prayer:

Adult:
O Jesus Christ,
Key of David,
come and set your people free.
Open the gates of heaven for us;
come, deliver us from evil.

Child:
King David was a mighty king
who built a city long ago.
He left a key
that Jesus found in the manger hay.
Key of David, Jesus Christ,
open heaven's gates for us.